So, ‘Tamsaling’ mean the land of Tamang tonguespeaking people. Tamang. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Even after the restoration of Democracy in 1990, their economic status has not been changed. Monogamy is the most by and large saw kind of marriage in Nepal, paying little respect to the way that a couple of Individuals in various social gatherings moreover hone polygyny. Tamang people have their own mother tongue i.e. The following 19 files are in this category, out of 19 total. Caste certificates for SC & ST are issued in terms of The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Identification) Act, 1994. ethnic/caste groups in the Melamchi Valley: the low land dwelling Hindus (Brahmin/Chhetris, other Castes and Untouchables), the Tamang in the middle hills and the Yolmo in the high land of the Valley. Notification No. Now it is obvious that the Tamangs are the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal, not the descendants of the horse-riding soldiers of King Tsrong Tschong Gampo as Tamang themselves do not possess the characteristics of a horse rider nor there a sign of their history directly associated with horses. In the course (way) of time, other races also setlled in and around Yambu (Kathmandu) and gradually the Tamang people were displaced. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. The Nepalese caste system the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal.The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed as Jāt.This custom was previously only prevalent in the societies of the Khas, Newār, Madhesi.. More than fifty (52.0%) of Hill Dalits, 47.0% of the Tarai Dalits, 48.0% of the Muslims and 30 percent of the Hill Adivasi Janajatis have never been to school. MOPE (2002). The hill group of Indian origin primarily was composed of descendants of high-caste Hindu families. The Tamang (རྟ་དམག་; Devanagari: तामाङ; tāmāṅ) are an ethnic group originating in Nepal. Inter-caste marriage didn't make sense for a couple of reasons; the bride had to go live with an extended family of the groom. They have their own distinct culture, language and religion. Castes and sub-castes are endo­genous groups but gotra is an exogamous group. When compare d for caste/eth nic differenc es, Tamang wom en (94%) were foun d to be relativ ely more aware of societal discrimi natio n than Brahm in women (86% ). Tamang people constitute 5.6% of the Nepalese population at over 1.3 million in 2001, increasing to 1,539,830 as of the 2011 census. This group presents a complicated social structure that only reflects the model of four Hindu varna categories, itis also clearly divided into two distinct religious groups: the Hindu and the Buddhist. at Budhanilkantha were the same as found in Govy of Mongolia, Asia and America. Tamang. (Census, 2001), In recent times, following the overthrow of the Nepali monarchy and move towards a federal republic, ethnicity and caste have taken center stage – the indigenous peoples (Adivasi Janajati) who make up a third of the country having been guaranteed rights that have not yet been fulfilled. Khas upper castes come next with an average income of Rs. If these major three castes (Khas Brahmin & Chhetris, and Newars) combine together their shares in the Government of Nepal, civil service employment is 89.2% in 1991. The caste system conjoints a structural class divide which persists, in which lower castes/ethnicities are generally socio-economically are not equal like those of higher castes/ethnicities. Deepening Democracy: International Labour Organisation Convention 169 and Nepal's Democratic Transition, Nepal: Towards a Democratic Republic: Caste, Ethnicity and Inequality in Nepal, Material from this site has been borrowed for this article with the permission of Dr. Vepachedu, Interview with Ian Martin: Caste-Based Discrimination in Nepal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caste_system_in_Nepal&oldid=1005387799, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Manandhar/Sāyami/Teli (oil-pressers and brewers), Khadgi, Naye, Kasai (butchers and musicians), Dyala, Podhya, Chyamaha/Chandala (sweepers, fishermen), "Namasinya Matwali" (Non-enslavable Alcohol Drinkers), Newar Hindu Vaishya-equivalent Panchthariya Srēsthas and Newar Buddhists – Gubhaju/Baré (, "Masinya Matwali" (Enslavable Alcohol Drinkers), "Pani Na Chalne Chhoichhito Haalnu Naparne" (Water-unacceptable but touchable), "Pani Na Chalne Chhoichhito Haalnu Parne" (Water-unacceptable and untouchable), Nancy E. Levine. In this process the left outs were oppressed class (Dalits), women, the poorest of the poor, powerless and the second class citizen and indigenous nationalities (Adivasi Janajatis). In their language, the Tibetans call Tamang people as ‘Rongpo’ that means foreigners. Stiller, L. F. (1993). In 1963, Legal Code was replaced by New 1964 Legal Code. 1 (Feb., 1987), pp. 5.1.5 Relation of Tamang with another caste in Dadhuwa VCD. Hence, Tamang are the largest population who follow Buddhism in Nepal. At present such apparatus of Mongolian stone-age are found in Yambu (Kathmandu, Budhanilkantha) which prove that the Mongolians (Tamangs) came via (by way of) Tibet and Himalayan to Nepal. According to him, Tamangs are the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal who were here before the state formation. But nothing has been found yet. Their ancestral domain (land) is popularly known as Tamsaling. Among those 73.8% in higher education belong to higher castes, 22.0% Janajatis and 2.9% Dalit.[9]. [2], The case of Newār is exceptional. Earlier Tamangs were known by various terminologies. According to the version of the dynasty of Nepal and Dr. Shetenkoko, Tamangs are the oldest tribe of Nepal. Social exclusion and Maoist insurgency. They are also one of the highly exploited and marginalized indigenous nationalities due to which their socio-economic status is adversely affected. In Nepal, the gradation can be found not just between the five castes, but also between the ethnic groups, between communities that make up an ethnic group, within communities and therefore between individuals. Nepalese history speaks that the Enlightened Manjushree made an ancient abode of Tamang in Yambu. Profile Id: D102821 . The Tamang are original people of Yambu (Kattmandu). Source: book of Thu:Chen Thu:Jang, published years 1998, writer’s name Moktan Dupwangel Tamang. ( Log Out /  The Nepalese caste system, like the Indian caste system, is highly complex and continues the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal.The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed as Jāt.This custom is found in both the Hindu and Buddhist communities of Nepal. Tamangs are highly respected as buddhist monks (priest) as rinpoche, khempo... and also served as brave gurkha soldiers (brigadier,colonel,IGP,inspector ) in britsh gurkha army, singapore police, indian amry and police and nepalese army and police. at Budhanilkantha were the same as found in Govy of Mongolia, Asia and America. 12,114 and Muslim ranks the lowest, Rs.11,014'[10] The democratic transitions also failed to be inclusive management and functioning governance mainly because government was unable to understand and articulate the spirit of all Nepalese people irrespective of their caste, gender, ethnicity, and religion. It is evident that the Mongols were settled in Yambu (Kathmandu) from North before 30,000 (Thirty thousand) years ago. Recent research has also shown that when it comes to Nepali people's impressions of social change, "Poverty, Human Resources and Region" explain more of the variation than "Ethnicity, Caste or Religious belonging" – i.e. Genetically informed prosopography in the Indian media emphasises genetic roots, cultural codes (of caste identities), genetic and cultural routes (of migrations) and social stratification. Source: book of Thu:Chen Thu:Jang, published years 1998, writer’s name Moktan Dupwangel Tamang 46, No. In 2001 the CBS recorded only nine groups in the caste-origin Hill Hindu groups. Tamang are one of the largest indigenous nationalities of Nepal. 38,193. In the caste system hierarchy on the top there is Brahmin (Bahun) followed by Kshatriyas (Chhetri), Vaishyas and Sudras (untouchable) in the bottom and those who doesn't fall under this category such as Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, Magar, Gurung, Tamang, Chepang, etc indigenous communities of Nepal are also considered untouchable by Brahmin and Chhetri. It was an attempt to include the entire Hindu as well as non-Hindu population of Nepal of that time into a single hierarchic civic code from the perspective of the Khas rulers. The Centre eventually de-listed the Majhis from the SC category a few years ago. The census of 2001 has traced 92% of the Tamang people speak in their own mother tongue. Caste system in Nepal Last updated December 06, 2020 The Muluki Ain caste/ethnicity hierarchy of Nepal, 1854. They speak Telugu. He is of the view that in Tibetan ‘Ta’ means ‘entrance/gateway’ and ‘Mang’ means ‘large public or common people’. Tamang peoples’ main occupation is agriculture. A Year After Nepal's Killer Quake, the Tamangs Continue to Struggle on the Margins. Newar lowest occupational castes – Kulu/Dom, Podhya, Chyamaha/Chandala, etc. So, ‘Tamang’, in Tibetan means presence of large number of people at the entrance or boundary, which signifies the settlement of Tamang people in the border of Tibet i.e. Despite the forceful integration by the state into the pan-Hindu social structure, the traditionally non-Hindu groups and tribes do not necessarily adhere to the customs and practices of the caste system. The displacement is the result of today’s social structure. DANFU IS USED FOR ENTERTAINING PEOPLE IN GROUPS SINGING TAMANG SONGS: SELO SONGS. 71–88, This page was last edited on 7 February 2021, at 12:08. As a result of their success to maintain their distinct identity despite the state sponsored process of Khasization they are highly marginalized and exploited by the state because of which extensive poverty and illiteracy are found in large scale. Traditionally, Tamang are the followers of Buddhism. But, in most of the country there are so many complex and crosscutting ethnic allegiances which make a Sri Lankan-type polarisation unlikely. Gurung is also called ‘Tamu’. “The SC and ST Bill … There is equal participation of all castes in every attainment. The caste system defines social classes by a number of hierarchical endogamous groups often termed jaat. Hence, Tamang are the largest population who follow Buddhism in Nepal. In terms of earning/income generation, Newars have the highest per capita income of Rs. These values were seen as a potent instrument of Rana political repression. Thami, Sherpa, Bisokarma, Nepali, Chetri and Bharman are also resided in this VCD where mainly the Tamang majority is existed. So Tamang are the ‘horse-riders or soldiers riding on horse. In the eastern Tarai, however, with its 30 per cent population of parbatiyas, there is a very real possibility that "two Most notable contradiction is the inclusion of previously non-Hindu tribes "Adivasi Janajati" groups, as well as non-Nepalis including Muslims and Europeans into the hierarchical fold. The social values preached by the Muluki Ain, however, were providing restrictive, anachronic and out of step with the spirit of times. in Nepal. The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. Terai occupational castes – Dhobi, Halkhor, Chamar, Dushad, Dom, Musahars, etc. He discovered the tools, Weapons and apparatus of stone age (of about 30000 B.C.) According to TAMANG Mythology of Tamang History Tamang is the very ancient tribe of Nepal. The population of Newars is around 5%, but its occupancy in Civil Service is more than one-thirds (33.2%), the population of Khas-Chhetris constitutes 17.6% but its participation is mere 14.7%. Eligible marriage seekers can register their biodata on a Medari / Mahendra matrimonial website to find a suitable match within the Medari / Mahendra community. Kanyakubja, Suryupari and Gaur Brahmins are examples of castes, and Shrimali, Purohit and Pushkarna Brahmins are examples of sub-castes, while Bhardwaj, Gautam and Kashyap Brahmins are examples of gotras. He discovered the tools, Weapons and apparatus of stone age (of about 30000 B.C.) Tamsaling’ means ‘Tam’ refers to the language spoken by Tamang people, ‘sa’ refers to the land and ‘ling’ refers to the territory or fragment. Similarly, the Janajati has 36.0% of the total population of the country, has representation of 7.1%. The densely Gurung populated district are; Kaski, Lamjun, Gorkha, Syanja, […] A foreign scholar Alexander Macdonald is one among them. In the course (way) of time, other races also setlled in and around Yambu (Kathmandu) and gradually the Tamang people were displaced. It is also supported by the Tibetan usage of the word ‘Rongpo’ to Tamang, which means the foreigners, inhabited beyond the border of Tibet. Of this 64063 are male and 66198 are female. Gurung is one of the major Indigenous ethnic groups of Nepal. According to Nepal National census of 2001, its population is 543,571 (it is the 2.39% of total population of Nepal. In a Hindu community, the caste system exists as Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Sudra, … In Kolkata, such certificates are issued by DWO, Kolkata. At present such apparatus of Mongolian stone-age are found in Yambu (Kathmandu, Budhanilkantha) which prove that the Mongolians (Tamangs) came via (by way of) Tibet and Himalayan to Nepal. The punishments it prescribes are minimal: three months to three years in prison and a fine between a minimum of Rs 50,000 to a maximum of Rs 200,000. Nepal: Growth of a Nation. The first category includes those who fled India and moved to the safe sanctuaries of the Nepal hills several hundred years ago, in the wake of the Muslim invasions of northern India. This custom was traditionally only prevalent in the Hindu-Arya (Indo Aryan) societies of the Khas, Madhesi, and Newars. According to the version of the dynasty of Nepal and Dr. Shetenkoko, Tamangs are the oldest tribe of Nepal. There is an observable reaction to this among certain Khas Brahmin and Chhetri groups, seeking to prevent group-based rights from becoming an important factor in the country that earlier had a political system associated with group-based discrimination. ( Log Out /  The mother tongue of these groups is Nepali. Tamangs are buddhist, not hindu so they don't belong to low caste system of hindu. In 13th century, King Boom Degon (1253-1280), who had ruled the present Mustang region of Nepal, has scriptured the word ‘Tamang’ in his genealogy. Nepalese history speaks that the Enlightened Manjushree made an ancient abode of Tamang in Yambu. Of this 64063 are male and 66198 are female. [8], Participation of Khas-Brahmins in Civil Service is 41.3% in spite of its population size of less than 29.98%. Pahari Hill Hindus of the Khas Gorkha tribe (Brahmin/Bahun and Chhetri castes) and the Newar ethnicity dominated the civil service, the judiciary and upper ranks of the army throughout the Shah regime (1768–2008). The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. Among these, ‘Murmi’ ils a popular term. The legal recognition to caste and all the discriminatory laws made on the grounds of caste were ceased. They are very rich in their culture but their economic condition is worse. Within this socio-ethnic caste system, the Tamang people sit above the Dalits, who are considered to be in the lowest category of ‘untouchables’. Gurung, H. (2005). They have good relationship each others. However, since the unification of Nepal in the 18th century, Nepal's various non-Hindu indigenous nationalities and tribes, previously called "Matwalis" (alcohol-drinkers) and now termed as "Adivasi/Janajati" (indigenous/nationalities), have been incorporated within the caste hierarchy to varying degrees of success. Tamang are rich in socio-cultural perspectives. According to Janak Lal Sharma, those Mongols came from north are today’s Tamangs. According to the 2001 census, 90.3% of the Tamang people follow Buddhism that makes up 47.3% of the total in the country. After the Rana regime, caste rules relating to food, drink and intercaste marriage were openly louted but the Muluki Ain had not been abrogated. Usage of the word ‘Tamang’It is still in the root of the research from when the word ‘Tamang’ has been in use to refer to the Tamang nationality of Nepal. A mountainside village inhabited by Tamang ( Log Out /  24,399, Adivasi Janajatis ranks third with an average income of Rs. There are dense Tamang settlement around the Yambu (Kathmandu) even today. Certain outside analysts have suggested that "seeking a balance in approach requires addressing both specific indigenous historical injustices while creating a common citizenship for all marginalised citizens regardless of identity, which remains a particularly challenging issue for Nepal". He puts forward his reasoning that there should be some mention of King Gampo in thegenealogy of Tamang nationality if it was so. The caste system is still intact today but the rules are not as rigid as they were in the past. How Do Different People Assess Social Change In Nepal? ( Log Out /  [4][5], Hierarchies of Major Caste/Ethnic Groups in Nepal according to Muluki Ain:[6][7], Terai – Brahmin (referred in the code as Indian Brahmin) (no mention of Terai Kshatriya groups), Gurkha tribes - Gurung, Magar, Rai and Limbu. Terai and Newar Brahmins and Kshatriyas were officially placed below their Khas equivalents. Caste-based discrimation has been outlawed in Nepal since 1962, yet remnants of its prejudice endure, and because of this, many Dalits are now converting to Christianity from Hinduism, in search of a new way of life. SC /ST / OBC certificates (caste certificates) are issued by SDOs in all Sub- Divisions. They have become major decision makers in the bureaucracy of Nepal has become crystal clear. [12], Caste-origin Hill Parbatiya Hindu groups/Khas, Caste-origin Madhesh Hindu groups/Madheshi-Aryans. 2 Social and Historical Context of Caste/Ethnic and Regional Exclusion in Nepal 1 2.1 Caste/Ethnic Stratification in Nepal 1 2.2 Regional Inequities 3 3 Data and Methods 4 4 Caste/Ethnic and Regional Differentials in Welfare Levels 5 4.1 Economic Well-being 6 4.2 Education 7 … :-*मेरो नाम क्रोजन कपाली हो। *एकजना नास्तिक *तपाईंलाइ यहाँ हार्दिक स्वागत छ। But many scholars have opposed the above perspective that the Tamangs are the descendants of the horse-riding soldiers of King Tsrong Tschong Gampo. Please translate these sentences into Tamang. Tamang are one of the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal. 15,630, Dalit Rs. Caste, State, and Ethnic Boundaries in Nepal. Tamang people are also found in significant numbers in Indian state of Sikkim and districts of Darjeeling and Kalimpong in India and various districts in the southern foothills of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Tamannaah Bhatia was born on Thursday, 21 December 1989 (age 29 years; as in 2019) in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. In Nepal, high castes dominate 91.2% among the prominent position in politics and bureaucracy. people's perception of their own social situation has more to do with geography and objective social class, than with their association with the groups that the state has based its internal social policy on. OBC certificates are issued in terms of Govt. The Caste Based Discrimination and Untouchability (Offence and Punishment) Act, 2068 (2011) was the first separate Act enacted to criminalise and punish caste-based discrimination. Their dominance is reflected in education, administration and economical activities of the nation. The required Bill, placing the Tamang and the Limbu communities in the ST category, was passed at this Lok Sabha session. Close-Up–The plight of the Tamang people, an ethnic sub-group associated with the Janajati caste, vivifies the connections between location and infrastructural vulnerability: an estimate released in early July from the Ministry of Home Affairs identified that over half of the 607,212 buildings damaged by the quakes were situated in Tamang-dominated areas. There are dense Tamang settlement around the Yambu (Kathmandu) even today. Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. The Tamang are original people of Yambu (Kattmandu). Of this 70% of the Tamang people are inhabited in the Tamsaling region whereas 30% are sparsely distributed in other regions of the country. Paper presented at National Dialogue Conference on ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 19–20 January 2005. http://southasiacheck.org/fact-check/how-discriminatory-was-the-first-muluki-ain-against-dalits/. According to Janak Lal Sharma, those Mongols came from north are today’s Tamangs. Class, Caste or Location? They are the only indigenous nationalities who are least affected by the process of Nepalization (I would instead prefer Khasization). It is believed that after the Nepal-Tibet War some of the horse-riding soldiers of King Tsrong Tschong Gampo permanently settled in the Himalayan Hills of Nepal who were later recognized as the “Tamang” nationalities. The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. Selected ethnic groups of Nepal; Bhotia, Sherpa, Thakali, Gurung, Kiranti, Rai, Limbu, Newari, Pahari, Tamang. National Population Census of 2001 has traced 1282304 populations of Tamang indigenous peoples that comprise 5.6% of the total population of the country. Partner Preferences: He Must Master And B.Tech Degree And Living In Delhi-NCR . The ancient Tamang song- “ Gyanaka Gyamse Phepkaziam or appeared from China” proves that the oldest tribe of Yambu (Kathmandu) is Tamang. caste” community. Much of the previously animist/tribal Khas population of the western Nepal region acquired the 'Chhetri' status in the 1850s with the proclamation by the Rana Prime Minister Jung Bahadur Rana, making Chhetris the most populous caste/tribe of Nepal. Kathmandu: Ministry of Population and Environment, HMG, Nepal. The ancient Tamang song- “ Gyanaka Gyamse Phepkaziam or appeared from China” proves that the oldest tribe of Yambu (Kathmandu) is Tamang. But these days divers occupation they follow. She did her schooling from Maneckji Cooper Education Trust School, Mumbai and graduation in Bachelor of Arts (Distance Ed… Change ), According to TAMANG Mythology of Tamang History Tamang is the very ancient tribe of Nepal. This essay examines the genetic prosopographic narratives revolving around caste identity in India and their imbrication of genetic ‘testimony’ and contemporary cultural identities. She took an interest in acting and dancing at a very young age. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. In 1962, a law was passed making it illegal to discriminate against other castes led all castes to be equally treated by the law. However, in Nepal people sometimes erroneously use word Caste to … Her real name is near Tamanna Bhatia but after consulting a numerologist, she changed the spelling of her nameTamanna to Tamannaah and dear called her by the nicknames ‘Tammy’ and ‘Milk Beauty’. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. They are densely populated in the central region and sparsely populated all over the country. Dr. Anatoly Yakoblave Shetenko visited Nepal under the archaeological study programme under an agreement between Nepal and USSR. Newars are divided internally into distinct cultural groups of over 25 occupational caste categories who share a common language (mother-tongue) Nepal Bhasa.[2]. 347-TW… The Khas is considered as "an upper caste" among Gorkhas and among 10 hill communities which demand the tribal status. Most of the Tamang young are involve in Tourism Industry. [1], The social structure of caste-origin Hill Hindu or Khas groups is simple, reflecting only three groups in hierarchy, with the distinct absence of the Vaishya and Shudra varnas. It was rooted in traditional Hindu Law and codified social practices for several centuries in Nepal. According to the 2001 census, 90.3% of the Tamang people follow Buddhism that makes up 47.3% of the total in the country. The Khas community leaders have welcomed the state's decision terming it as a step towards realising their tribal tag demand. 43IMG 1052.jpg 5,616 × 3,744; 8.61 MB A mountainside village inhabited by Tamang.jpg 640 × 443; 83 KB Caste: Hindu, Agarwal Occupation: Accountant Location: Delhi , Delhi , India About Myself: I Am Chartered Accountant . Sub-caste in Tamang: There are more than 40 sub-castes in Tamang community. The "brilliance" of the caste system is what Ambedkhar characterized as its inherent "graded inequality." Nepal Population Report, 2002. It is evident that the Mongols were settled in Yambu (Kathmandu) from North before 30,000 (Thirty thousand) years ago. The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal.The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. Some people follow business, official job, and go to abroad employment. Human Resources Development Research Center, Kathmandu. Tamsaling extends from Buddigandaki in the West to Dudhkoshi in the East and from the Himalayan range in the North to Chure or Siwalik hills in the South. Tamang people have their own mother tongue i.e. Medari / Mahendra is a Hindu community predominantly found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Hamilton in 1802, Hudson in 1847 and Macdonald in 1989 have used the term ‘Murmi’ for Tamang people. The Majhis of Sikkim had been granted the Scheduled Caste status a few years after the state’s merger with India, but waged a long campaign to opt out of it because of the social stigma associated with the SC tag. Dr. Anatoly Yakoblave Shetenko visited Nepal under the archaeological study programme under an agreement between Nepal and USSR. Gurung caste densely lives in western part of Nepal. Still there prevail differences about the origin of the word ‘Tamang’. According to Parshuram Tamang, the difference between a Hindu community and a Tamang community lies in the system of segregation among their communities. In Kavre district population of Tamang people is found 130261 according to the census of 2001. In 2001 the CBS recorded 43 caste-origin Hindu groups in the Madhesh. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The Nepali civil code Muluki Ain was commissioned by Jung Bahadur Rana after his European tour and enacted in 1854. [11] In terms of education, 88.0% of Khas Brahmins & Chhetris, and Newars have access to school, 12.0% have never been to school. A young scholar Ajitman Tamang redefines the Tibetan perspective of the word ‘Tamang’. [citation needed] Education is free and open to all castes. [3] The law also comprised Prāyaścitta (avoidance and removal of sin) and Ācāra (the customary law of different castes and communities). Traditionally, Tamang are the followers of Buddhism. Bisokarma and Nepali are taken as a helper. Similarly, serious limitations and oversights of this code include the complete exclusion of the large middle-ranking Terai groups. The Dalits who constitute 12.8 percent of the total population of the country have no representation in the higher echelons of power' (Gurung, H. 2006). Darjeeling: The Bengal government has decided to include the Khas community of the Gorkhas in the Other Backward Classes list. Although caste distinctions and the age-old ... Mukta Lama Tamang, Dr. Pratyoush Onta and Dr. Seira Tamang ... Category Gender Caste Ethnicity/Race Language Religion Geo-political Status Dominant.